Dna transcription translation11/13/2023 All of the twenty amino acids used to build proteins have, likewise, 3-base sequences that encode them.Ĭoncept Note: The emphasis on understanding the polarity of DNA, RNA (coding versus non-coding) should be even clearer now. The genetic code is the information for linking amino acids into polypeptides in an order based on the base sequence of 3-base codewords (codons) in a gene and its messenger RNA (mRNA).įor example, the amino acid tryptophan is encoded by the sequence UGG on an mRNA. The sequence of an mRNA, copied from a gene, directly specifies the sequence of amino acids in the protein it encodes. Genes are first transcribed into mRNA, as we have already discussed. How does this relate to genes and the proteins they encode? Also, luggage handlers must be able to correctly recognize what IND stands for so that your luggage doesn’t land in Iowa, instead. That is, IND must stand only for Indianapolis, Indiana and no other airport. To function well, such a set-up must have unique identifiers for each airport and people who can decode the identifiers correctly. When a tag on your luggage shows IND as the destination, it conveys information that your bag should be sent to Indianapolis, Indiana. What does this actually mean? A code can be thought of as a system for storing or communicating information.Īnalogy: A familiar example is the use of letters to represent the names of airports (e.g., PDX for Portland, Oregon and ORD for Chicago’s O’Hare). We speak of genes (i.e., DNA) coding for proteins and the central dogma, which states that DNA makes RNA makes protein.
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